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VOL. 9, ISSUE 4 (2024)
A review on paper chromatography
Authors
Reshma Kaja, K Mani Kumari, M Yashaswini, P Akshitha, SK Ramizunnisa
Abstract
Chromatography is indeed a widely-used technique for separating and
analyzing mixtures, and paper chromatography stands out as a simple yet
effective method, particularly for the separation of colored compounds. The
technique relies on the principle of partition and differential affinity of
compounds toward the stationary (paper) and mobile phases (usually a solvent).
Compounds move at different rates based on their solubility in the solvent and
their attraction to the paper, resulting in separation.While paper
chromatography has been utilized for decades, especially in regions like the
United States, it is not restricted to organic compounds. It can also be
applied for inorganic analysis. Future research in this field can focus on
advancements such as improving the sensitivity of paper chromatography,
exploring new types of paper with unique properties (e.g., porosity, thickness,
or surface chemistry), and integrating gel permeation processes for separating
macromolecules based on size. Modern developments may also include coupling
with advanced detection techniques for enhanced accuracy
and quantification. Paper chromatography is a simple and widely used
technique for separating and analyzing mixtures of substances, especially when
dealing with small amounts of materials. It works on the principle of
differential solubility and capillary action, where the components of a mixture
move at different rates on a strip of chromatography paper when exposed to a
solvent.In the process, a small sample of the mixture is placed near the bottom
of the paper. The lower edge of the paper is then immersed in a solvent (like
water or alcohol), while the sample spot stays above the solvent level. As the
solvent ascends through the paper by capillary action, it dissolves the
components of the mixture, which travel up the paper at different speeds
depending on their affinity for the paper (stationary phase) versus the solvent
(mobile phase). Substances that are more soluble in the solvent will travel
farther, while less soluble substances remain closer to the origin. The
separation of components results in distinct spots on the paper. These can be
analyzed by measuring the distance each component has traveled compared to the
solvent front, yielding the retention factor (Rf value), used for
identification purposes. Paper chromatography is commonly used in fields like
biochemistry for separating amino acids, identifying pigments in plants, and
analyzing inks or dyes in forensic science due to its efficiency, low cost,
and ease of use.
Pages:19-26
How to cite this article:
Reshma Kaja, K Mani Kumari, M Yashaswini, P Akshitha, SK Ramizunnisa "A review on paper chromatography". International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Vol 9, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 19-26
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