Background: Clinical pharmacy services and pharmaceutical care are essential components of modern healthcare. This study investigates the impact of clinical pharmacy services on patient outcomes, medication safety, and cost-effectiveness.

Methods: A six-month prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital, community pharmacy, and outpatient clinic. Patients receiving polypharmacy for chronic conditions were randomly assigned to standard care or clinical pharmacy intervention groups.

Results: Clinical pharmacy interventions significantly reduced drug-related problems (p < 0.001), adverse drug reactions (p = 0.02), and hospital readmissions (p = 0.03). Medication adherence improved (p = 0.01), and patient satisfaction increased (p < 0.001). Cost savings of 18% were observed.