Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing 1.5 million fatalities around the world each year. Now a days, Mycobacterium is becoming resistant to first line treatment viz isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, developing into more severe and deadly form i.e Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis commonly known as ‘MDR-Tb’. Different diagnostic tests are there to detect the disease like Smear test, culture test and molecular methods which include reverse hybridization and PCR amplification based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, different clinical trials are undergoing to check the effectiveness of different new drugs combinations for effective treatment of MDR-Tb and the people having compromised immunity.